Identities, Communication, Repetition, and Other-Regarding Choices in Voter Coordination Games1

We make four contributions to the literature on voter coordination and identities: First, we find that natural identities have a stronger negative influence on coordination than payoff relevant minimal identities. Second, communication and repeated interaction can significantly increase coordination in both cases. Third, we show that multiple natural identities negatively affect coordination, but repetition and communication can alleviate the effects, although not as easily when identities conflict. Fourth, we show that voters easily coordinate on an other-regarding choice when they have only minimal identities but find it diffi cult to coordinate without repetition and communication when identities are naturally occurring.